Bisphenol A (BPA) Risk Assessment Links

Thousands of recent, well-done studies that clearly show the dangers of BPA.

However, in 2014 a lack of human resources forced the Stealth Syndromes Project to abandon thus efforts to gather and categorize studies of BPA and health because there were so many of them . Wethat it could not be done even if we had been able to devote full-time to the task.

The following is just the tip of an iceberg we uncovered before stopping this particular effort. It should offer an example of the body of well-conducted, high-quality, peer-reviewed, published science ignored by federal regulators.

See Why You Can’t Trust Government Science for more.

This is a work in progress. It is far from complete and represents only a portion of links that have been accumulated by the Stealth Syndromes Project. The position of any given study does not necessarily reflect the quality of a study.

Apologies for the lack of a structured format. We post here as we find studies. Interns or perhaps an AP biology course somewhere would like to tackle organization for a class project?

General Considerations

“Phthalates and Bisphenol A”  from the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units. Reference link from the National Institutes of Health.

Bisphenol A and Risk Management Ethics

Should oral gavage be abandoned in toxicity testing of endocrine disruptors?

Cancer

(A Sampling of 2000+ Revelant Links From 2014)

1. Exposure to Bisphenol A Correlates with Early-Onset Prostate Cancer and Promotes Centrosome Amplification and Anchorage-Independent Growth In Vitro
2. Bisphenol -A and diethylstilbestrol exposure induces the expression of breast cancer associated long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in vitro and in vivo
3. Bisphenol A induce ovarian cancer cell migration via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways
4. Bisphenol A modulates colorectal cancer protein profile and promotes the metastasis via induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions
5. Bisphenol A stimulates human lung cancer cell migration via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by GPER/EGFR/ERK1/2 signal pathway
6. Estrogens in the wrong place at the wrong time: fetal BPA exposure and mammary cancer
7. Environmental Estrogen Exposure During Fetal Life: A Time Bomb for Prostate Cancer
8. Bisphenol A and human chronic diseases: Current evidences, possible mechanisms, and future perspectives
9. Bisphenol -A: A Powerful Endocrine Disrupting Chemical
10. Dose-dependent incidence of hepatic tumors in adult mice following perinatal exposure to bisphenol A
11. A population-based case–control study of urinary bisphenol A concentrations and risk of endometriosis
12. Modulation of Cytokine Expression in Human Macrophages by Endocrine-disrupting Chemical Bisphenol -A
13. Bisphenol A enhances adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal/stem cells
14. Are structural analogues to bisphenol A safe alternatives?
15. Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Male Reproductive Function
16. Endocrine disruption of the epigenome: a breast cancer link
17. Bisphenol A and Risk Management Ethics
18. Bisphenol A: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Effects on Reproduction and Behavior
19. Maternal exposure to bisphenol A may increase the risks of Parkinson’s disease through down-regulation of fetal IGF-1 expression
20. Investigation of serum bisphenol A, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
21. Prenatal and peripubertal phthalates and bisphenol A in relation to sex hormones and puberty in boys
22. Urinary Bisphenol A Levels in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty
23. Further Limiting Bisphenol A In Food Uses Could Provide Health And Economic Benefits
24. Maternal Bisphenol A Exposure Impacts the Fetal Heart Transcriptome
25. Bisphenol A induces oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in INS-1 cells
26. You are what you eat, and so are your children: the impact of micronutrients on the epigenetic programming of offspring
27. Bisphenol A promotes human prostate stem-progenitor cell self-renewal and increases in vivo carcinogenesis in human prostate epithelium.

2013

1. Long-term effects of chromatin remodeling and DNA damage in stem cells induced by environmental and dietary agents.
2. Bisphenol A binds to Ras proteins and competes with guanine nucleotide exchange: implications for GTPase-selective antagonists.
3. Endocrine disruptors and the breast: early life effects and later life disease.
4. Bisphenol A interferes with thyroid specific gene expression.
5. Anticancer effect of genistein on BG-1 ovarian cancer growth induced by 17 β-estradiol or bisphenol A via the suppression of the crosstalk between estrogen receptor alpha and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling pathways

2012

1. Expression and DNA methylation changes in human breast epithelial cells after bisphenol A exposure.

2011

1. Bisphenol A induces a rapid activation of Erk1/2 through GPR30 in human breast cancer cells
2. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A promotes angiogenesis and alters steroid-mediated responses in the mammary glands of cycling rats
3. Environmental endocrine disruptors and hormone dependent cancers. New risk factors?

Mutation and Genetic Damage

Bisphenol A induces oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in INS-1 cells

Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Effects

2014

1. Association of Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and Phthalate Metabolites with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes : A Prospective Investigation in the Nurses’ Health …
2. Bisphenol A induces oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in INS-1 cells
3. Environmentally relevant levels of Bisphenol A may accelerate the development of type II diabetes mellitus in adolescent Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats
4. Association of urinary bisphenol a concentration with type-2 diabetes mellitus
5. Bisphenol A induces differentiation of human preadipocytes in the absence of glucocorticoid and is inhibited by an estrogen-receptor antagonist
6. Adverse effects of long-term exposure to bisphenol A during adulthood leading to hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in mice
7. Bisphenol A and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children
8. Oral administration of bisphenol A induces high blood pressure through angiotensin II/CaMKII-dependent uncoupling of eNOS
9. Bisphenol A is related to circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin, but not to fat mass or fat distribution in humans
10. Is bisphenol S a safe substitute for bisphenol A in terms of metabolic function? An< i> in vitro</i> study
11. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype in male rat offspring fed on a high-fat diet
12. Prenatal phthalate and early childhood bisphenol A exposures increase asthma risk in inner-city children
13. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations are associated with abnormal liver function in the elderly : a repeated panel study
14. Epigenetic Events Associated with Obesity and Diabetes
15. Environmental Endocrine Disruption of Energy Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk
16. Perinatal BPA Exposure Induces Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress and Decreased Adiponectin Production in Later Life of Male Rat Offspring
17. Insulin Resistance, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes , and Related Complications: Current Status and Future Perspective
18. Endocrine Disruptors: Time to Act
19. You are what you eat, and so are your children: the impact of micronutrients on the epigenetic programming of offspring
20. Transmaternal bisphenol A exposure accelerates diabetes type 1 development in NOD mice.
21. Adipocytes under assault: Environmental disruption of adipose physiology
22. High-fat diet aggravates glucose homeostasis disorder caused by chronic exposure to bisphenol A.
23. What Are We Putting in Our Food That Is Making Us Fat? Food Additives, Contaminants, and Other Putative Contributors to Obesity
24. Bisphenol A, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: genuine concern or unnecessary preoccupation?
25. Our stolen figures: The interface of sexual differentiation, endocrine disruptors, maternal programming, and energy balance
26. Metabolic impact of exposure to bisphenol A in human
27. Association between some endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood obesity in biological samples of young girls: A cross-sectional study
28. Metabolomic analysis reveals metabolic changes caused by bisphenol A in rats

2013

1. Urine Bisphenol-A Level in Relation to Obesity and Overweight in School-Age Children
2. Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: progresses and perspectives.
3. BPA, an Energy Balance Disruptor.
4. The environmental obesogen bisphenol A promotes adipogenesis by increasing the amount of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the adipose tissue of children.
5. Metabolic disruption in male mice due to fetal exposure to low but not high doses of bisphenol A (BPA): evidence for effects on body weight, food intake, adipocytes, leptin, adiponectin, insulin and glucose regulation.
6. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on in vitro global DNA methylation and adipocyte differentiation
7. Bisphenol-A Impairs Insulin Action and Up-Regulates Inflammatory Pathways in Human Subcutaneous Adipocytes and 3T3-L1 Cells

2012

1. Obesity and obesity-related diseases: A consequence of our man-made chemical environment?
2. The estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and obesity.

2011

Reproductive Health

2014

1. Bisphenol a and the female reproductive tract: an overview of recent laboratory evidence and epidemiological studies
2. In utero bisphenol A exposure disrupts germ cell nest breakdown and reduces fertility with age in the mouse
3. Prenatal bisphenol A and birth outcomes: MOCEH (Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health) study
4. Oral Bisphenol A (BPA) given to rats at moderate doses is associated with erectile dysfunction, cavernosal lipofibrosis and alterations of global gene transcription.
5. Male endocrine dysfunction.
6. Urinary concentrations of environmental phenols in pregnant women in a pilot study of the National Children’s Study.
7. Toxicity Evaluation of Bisphenol A Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley Rats From Gestation Day 6 Through Postnatal Day 90
8. Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Male Reproductive Function
9. Xenobiotic effects in the ovary: temporary versus permanent infertility
10. Genetic Damage in Human Spermatozoa
11. Bisphenol A (BPA) pharmacokinetics with daily oral bolus or continuous exposure via silastic capsules in pregnant rhesus monkeys: Relevance for human exposures
12. Effects of maternal exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A during pregnancy on gestational age.
13. Bisphenol a and reproductive health: update of experimental and human evidence, 2007-2013.
14. Developmental programming: Prenatal BPA treatment disrupts timing of LH surge and ovarian follicular wave dynamics in adult sheep
15. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Human Growth and Maturation: A Focus on Early Critical Windows of Exposure
16. Environmental pollutants and lifestyle factors induce oxidative stress and poor prenatal development
17. Bisphenol A regulation of testicular endocrine function in male rats is affected by diet
18. Prepubertal bisphenol A exposure interferes with ovarian follicle development and its relevant gene expression
19. Conjugated bisphenol A in maternal serum in relation to miscarriage risk
20. In utero bisphenol A exposure disrupts germ cell nest breakdown and reduces fertility with age in the mouse
21. Are urinary bisphenol A levels in men related to semen quality and embryo development after medically assisted reproduction?
22. Urinary bisphenol A, phthalates, and couple fecundity: the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study
23. Prenatal and peripubertal phthalates and bisphenol A in relation to sex hormones and puberty in boys
24. Long-Lasting Effects of Neonatal Bisphenol A Exposure on the Implantation Process
25. Exposure to bisphenol A at physiological concentrations observed in Chinese children promotes primordial follicle growth through the PI3K/Akt pathway in an ovarian culture system
26. Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility
27. Bisphenol A, oocyte maturation, implantation, and IVF outcome: review of animal and human data
28. Signaling related with biphasic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on Sertoli cell proliferation: A comparative proteomic analysis
29. In Vitro Study of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the early human placenta
30. Presence and bioavailability of bisphenol A in the uterus of rats and mice following single and repeated dietary administration at low doses
31. Prenatal Bisphenol A exposure delays the development of the male rat mammary gland
32. Bisphenol A affects human endometrial endothelial cell angiogenic activity in vitro
33. Involvement of CaM-CaMKII-ERK in bisphenol A-induced Sertoli cell apoptosis
34. Low-dose bisphenol A disrupts gonad development and steroidogenic genes expression in adult female rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus
35. Bisphenol -A: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Effects on Reproduction and Behavior

2013

1. Bisphenol A and human reproductive health
2. Bisphenol-A and human oocyte maturation in vitro.
3. Correlation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Serum Levels and White Blood Cells Gene Expression of Nuclear Receptors in a Population of Infertile Women
4. Improving the N ation’s R eproductive H ealth: Updating the Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment
5. Human infertility: are endocrine disruptors to blame?
6. The influence of endocrine disruptors in a selected population of infertile women.
7. Exposure to chemical cocktails before or after conception – The effect of timing on ovarian development
8. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A in an urban minority birth cohort in New York City, prenatal through age 7 years.
9. Potential sources of bisphenol A in the neonatal intensive care unit.
10. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure alters sex-specific estrogen receptor expression in the neonatal rat hypothalamus and amygdala.
11. Bisphenol A and phthalates and endometriosis: the Endometriosis: Natural History, Diagnosis and Outcomes Study.
12. Bisphenol A and human health: A review of the literature
13. Effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds, 4-tert-octylphenol, and bisphenol A on the uterine contraction and contraction-associated proteins in rats
14. Serum bisphenol-A concentration and sex hormone levels in men
15. Chronic exposure to a low concentration of bisphenol A during follicle culture affects the epigenetic status of germinal vesicles and metaphase II oocytes
16. In vitro effects of bisphenol A on the quality parameters, oxidative stress, DNA integrity and adenosine triphosphate content in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) spermatozoa
17. Perturbation of male sexual behavior in mice (Mus musculus) within a discrete range of perinatal bisphenol-A doses in the context of a high- or low-phytoestrogen diet
18. Bisphenol A inhibits cultured mouse ovarian follicle growth partially via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway
19. Melatonin ameliorates bisphenol A-induced DNA damage in the germ cells of adult male rats
20. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and cytochrome P450 19 A1 (Cyp19) gene expression in ovarian granulosa cells: An in vivo human study
21. Mutagenic effect of Bisphenol A on adult rat male germ cells and their fertility
22. Bisphenol A down-regulates rate-limiting Cyp11a1 to acutely inhibit steroidogenesis in cultured mouse antral follicles
23. Measurement of phenolic environmental estrogens in human urine samples by HPLC–MS/MS and primary discussion the possible linkage with uterine leiomyoma
24. Bisphenol A and phthalates and endometriosis: the Endometriosis: Natural History, Diagnosis and Outcomes Study
25. Anti-infertility significance of aqueous extract of I pomoea batatas (L.) Lam. against exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) promoted testicular toxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats
26. The association of bisphenol-A urinary concentrations with antral follicle counts and other measures of ovarian reserve in women undergoing infertility treatments
27. Association of exposure to phenols and idiopathic male infertility
28. Sex specific impact of perinatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure over a range of orally administered doses on rat hypothalamic sexual differentiation
29. Developmental programming: Impact of prenatal exposure to bisphenol-A and methoxychlor on steroid feedbacks in sheep
30. The male mammary gland: A target for the xenoestrogen bisphenol A
31. Bisphenol A at concentrations found in human serum induces aneugenic effects in endothelial cells
32. Decreased androgen receptor expression may contribute to spermatogenesis failure in rats exposed to low concentration of bisphenol A
33. Associations of prenatal exposure to phenols with birth outcomes
34. Effects of octylphenol and bisphenol A on the expression of calcium transport genes in the mouse duodenum and kidney during pregnancy
35. Bisphenol A differentially activates protein kinase C isoforms in murine placental tissue

2012

1. Impact of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on female reproductive health.
2. Bisphenol A alters early oogenesis and follicle formation in the fetal ovary of the rhesus monkey.
3. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and implantation failure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
4. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and early reproductive health outcomes among women undergoing IVF.
5. Bisphenol A is not detectable in media or selected contact materials used in IVF.
6. The effects of different endocrine disruptors defining compound-specific alterations of gene expression profiles in the developing testis
7. Fetal bisphenol A exposure: Concentration of conjugated and unconjugated bisphenol A in amniotic fluid in the second and third trimesters
8. Bisphenol A impairs insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis and decreases steroidogenesis in rat testis: An in vivo and in silico study
9. Adverse effects of bisphenol A on reproductive physiology in male goldfish at environmentally relevant concentrations
10. Effects of estrogenic compounds on neonatal oocyte development
11. Occupational exposures to chemicals as a possible etiology in premature ovarian failure: A critical analysis of the literature
12. Endocrine control of mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: Impact of environmental disruptors
13. In the fetal rhesus monkey uterus, in utero exposure to whom it may concern: bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with changes in gene expression and accelerated adenogenesis
14. Disruption of blastocyst implantation by triclosan in mice: Impacts of repeated and acute doses and combination with bisphenol-A
15. Bisphenol AF may cause testosterone reduction by directly affecting testis function in adult male rats
16. Bisphenol A induces corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the placental cells JEG-3
17. Comparative developmental biology of the uterus: Insights into mechanisms and developmental disruption
18. Endocrine disruptors and female fertility: Focus on (bovine) ovarian follicular physiology
19. Effects of octylphenol and bisphenol A on the expression of calcium transport genes in the kidney, duodenum and placenta of pregnant mice
20. Targeted toxicological testing to investigate the role of endocrine disrupters in puberty disorders

2011

1. Human meiotic progression and recombination are affected by Bisphenol A exposure during in vitro human oocyte development.
2. Environment and women’s reproductive health.
3. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in ovarian function: effects on steroidogenesis, metabolism and nuclear receptor signaling.
4. Prenatal environmental exposures, epigenetics, and disease.
5. Bisphenol A exposure reduces the estradiol response to gonadotropin stimulation during in vitro fertilization.
6. Bisphenol A impairs follicle growth, inhibits steroidogenesis, and downregulates rate-limiting enzymes in the estradiol biosynthesis pathway.
7. Serum unconjugated bisphenol A concentrations in women may adversely influence oocyte quality during in vitro fertilization
8. Urine bisphenol-A (BPA) level in relation to semen quality
9. Serum unconjugated bisphenol A concentrations in men may influence embryo quality indicators during in vitro fertilization
10. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction
11. Bisphenol-A exposure alters endometrial progesterone receptor expression in the nonhuman primate
12. Effect of bisphenol A on human endometrial stromal fibroblasts in vitro
13. Hypermethylation of estrogen receptor promoter region in adult testis of rats exposed neonatally to bisphenol A
14. Inhibition of human and rat testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities by bisphenol A
15. Oocyte developmental competence and embryo development: impact of lifestyle and environmental risk factors
16. Urinary bisphenol A and implantation failure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization
17. Preimplantation exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) affects embryo transport, preimplantation embryo development, and uterine receptivity in mice
18. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of bisphenol A on human trophoblastic JEG-3 cells
19. Administration of bisphenol A to dams during perinatal period modifies molecular and morphological reproductive parameters of the offspring
20. Neonatal exposure to bisphenol A or diethylstilbestrol alters the ovarian follicular dynamics in the lamb
21. Effect of perinatal and postnatal bisphenol A exposure to the regulatory circuits at the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis of CD-1 mice

Autoimmune Effects

The Potential Roles of Bisphenol A (BPA) Pathogenesis in Autoimmunity

Safety of BPA Alternatives

• How Stealth Corporate Influence Corrupts Science
• Are structural analogues to bisphenol A safe alternatives?
• Is bisphenol S a safe substitute for bisphenol A in terms of metabolic function? An< i> in vitro</i> study

Waiting To Be categorized

2014

1. A survey of alkylphenols, bisphenols, and triclosan in personal care products from China and the United States.
2. Bisphenol A – Sources, toxicity and biotransformation
3. Further limiting bisphenol a in food uses could provide health and economic benefits.
4. Toxicants in Food Packaging and Household Plastics
5. Critical comments on the WHO-UNEP State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals – 2012
6. Bisphenol A and human chronic diseases: Current evidences, possible mechanisms, and future perspectives

2013

1. Risk Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
2. A systematic review of Bisphenol A “low dose” studies in the context of human exposure: a case for establishing standards for reporting “low-dose” effects of chemicals.
3. The concentration of bisphenol A in urine is affected by specimen collection, a preservative, and handling.
4. Plastics and environmental health: the road ahead.
5. Human exposures to bisphenol A: mismatches between data and assumptions.
6. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Human Health Risk Assessment: A Critical Review
7. Computer-aided identification of novel protein targets of bisphenol A.
8. Regulatory decisions on endocrine disrupting chemicals should be based on the principles of endocrinology
9. A new approach to synergize academic and guideline-compliant research: the CLARITY-BPA research program.

2012

1. Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors.
2. Bisphenol-A acts as a potent estrogen via non-classical estrogen triggered pathways.
3. A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A.

Behavioral And Neurological Effects

Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors.

• Bisphenol A: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Effects on Reproduction and Behavior
• Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors.

Epigenetic and Transgenerational Effects

1. Endocrine Disruption: Historical Perspectives and Its Impact on the Future of Toxicology Testing
2. Epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors
3. Epigenetic perspective on the developmental effects of bisphenol A.
4. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease susceptibility.
5. Environmental chemicals and microRNAs.
6. Epigenetics in an ecotoxicological context
7. Endocrine disruption of the epigenome: a breast cancer link
8. Bisphenol A: Epigenetic Reprogramming and Effects on Reproduction and Behavior

Dose-Response Relationships

1. Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses

To Be Edited

Metabolic disruption in male mice due to fetal exposure to low but not high doses of bisphenol A (BPA): evidence for effects on body weight, food intake, adipocytes, leptin, adiponectin, insulin and glucose regulation.

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